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Sunday, December 29, 2019

Internal Alignment and External Competitiveness for...

Internal Alignment is the set of strategies, policies and systems laid by an organization. They are also the relationship between jobs, skills and competencies in the organization. On the hand, external competitiveness refers to how an organization pays for jobs in relation to its competitors. For example, Adidas pays its employees in relation to Nike’s pay to its employees. The organization sets its pay limits with respect to the lower limit pay rate and upper limit pay rate (Hill Irwin, 11). According to Nike code of conduct, the organization uses both internal alignment and external competitiveness. This is because it pays minimum wage to its employees or the popular industrial wage. The organization compares the two rates and†¦show more content†¦Nike uses higher pay levels to attract professionals to the organization when they are recruiting. This method is efficient in acquiring the right people to carry out jobs for the organization. In the past, Nike has been criticized of poor pay for factory workers in the Asian countries where they operate. Nike has been working towards making changes by slightly improving the wages, but this has not been successful because employees continue to carry out strikes in these countries (Beder 24). Adidas on the hand is working on a structure, to retain and attract more employees who will bring their experience and boost production. Both organizations should improve the pay levels of their employees so that they can be committed and dedicated to their work/job. Nike is the leader among the shoe manufacturers in the world and is closely followed by Adidas. In terms of external competitiveness Nike still leads the pack because it combines both internal alignment and external competitiveness strategies to stay at the top. It is extremely important for both organizations, to pay employees at the rate that other organizations in the same industry are paying so as to meet its objectives, and avoid high employ ee turnover. Nike closed its US factories by 1984 and moved to Asia for cheap labor. When South Korea and Taiwan developed unions they moved to China, Vietnam and Indonesia which were still undeveloped. The same applies to Adidas which was based atShow MoreRelatedStrategic Analysis of Nike8813 Words   |  36 Pages------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS 1. Introduction 4 2.1. Vision amp; Mission 4 2.2. Company Portfolio 4 2.3. Nike Value Chain 6 2. Environment Analysis 3.4. Remote Environment Scan 7 3.5. Industry Environment Scan 10 3.6. Business Environment Analysis 11 Read MoreAdidas Group Is a Global Leader6231 Words   |  25 PagesRecently , Adidas Group is a global leader in the sporting goods industry and offers a broad portfolio of product Products from the adidas Group are available in virtually every country of the world . the adidas Group has been part of the world of sports on every level, delivering state-of-the-art sports footwear, apparel and accessories Our strategy is simple: continuously strengthen our brands and products to improve our competitive position and financial performance Adidas is on the move andRead MoreAdidas Sustainable Development Strategy5682 Words   |  23 PagesAdidas Sustainable Strategy 08 Automne Adidas sustainable development strategy What are the key SD challenges in the textile and apparel’s industries? The textile and the apparel industries face nowadays a lot of evolution due, first to macroeconomic consequences and then because of the growing eco-friendly influence. To understand the key challenges of the sustainable development in the textile and the apparel industries, we, first, need to get the whole picture of the situation. Read MoreThe Mind of a Marketing Manager26114 Words   |  105 Pagesachieve or avoid? The answers to this question are objectives. How will you go about achieving your desired results? The answer to this you can call strategy. William Rothschild Ultimately, we wanted Nike to be the world s best sports and fitness company. Once you say that, you have a focus. You don t end up making wing tips or sponsoring the next Rolling Stones world tour. Phil Knight Most businessRead MoreIsis Paper13397 Words   |  54 Pagesand manufactured cars to Japan  ¼ In many industries, international business can sometimes be described as a tangled web of international links, often associated with competing ï ¬ rms. For example, despite competing against each other headto-head, Nike, Adidas and Reebok often use the same manufacturers in South East Asia. In the com- The global context Two assumptions underlie the construction of this paper. The ï ¬ rst and more general assumption is that managing in the global context is different fromRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesabout what accounting should be. In response, users of accounting information, management accounting professionals, and system designers may seek to alter the information provided within their organizations to align with such ideals. In this sense, internal accounting changes may be driven by demand-level needs as well as supply-side inXuences. Moreover, forces reXecting broader changes both in structures and processes in businesses, organizations, and society and in contemporary ideas and discoursesRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesaccept and embrace the concept. The net effect of this in many organizations has been ‘a preoccupation with making marketing work through a heightened understanding of organizat ional politics and interfunctional rivalry . . . [and] a programme of internal marketing’ designed to ensure that organizational transformation takes place. The second position is retrenchment, in which, again, the concept is seen to be sound, but there are certain circumstances in which it is either inappropriate or of littleRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesindustry structure might be described as highly competitive, but there may be widespread advantages to it moving towards a more oligopolistic situation. Illustration 2.5 Cycles of Competition The ‘wisdom’ in strategy theory has been that competitiveness is about building up a long-term competitive advantage and then defending it against competitors. The idea of cycles of competition takes a more dynamic view as to how competition in an industry will work its way out over time. It also highlightsRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesoptions within the toolkit are affected by factors that are not controlled by the marketer. These factors include economic conditions, legal issues, technological developments, social/cultural changes, and many more. While not controllable, these external factors must be monitored and dealt with since these can potentially cause considerable harm to the organization. Ignoring outside elements also can lead to missed opportunities in the market especially if competitors are the first to take advantage

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Financial Accounting and Reporting - 12396 Words

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING Module 9: Basic Theory and Financial Reporting Module 10: Inventory Module 11: Fixed Assets Module 12: Monetary Current Assets and Current Liabilities Module 13: Present Value Module 14: Deferred Taxes Module 15: Stockholders’ Equity Module 16: Investments Module 17: Statement of Cash Flows Module 18: Business Combinations and Consolidations Module 19: Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Module 20: Miscellaneous Module 21: Governmental (State and Local) Accounting Module 22: Not-for-Profit Accounting Outlines of Accounting Pronouncements As indicated previously, this manual consists of 14 modules designed to facilitate your study for the Financial Accounting and Reporting†¦show more content†¦(1) Although GAAP is the current basis for financial reporting, it does not constitute a cohesive body of accounting theory. Generally, authoritative pronouncements have been the result of a problem-by-problem approach that have dealt with specific problems as they occur and are not predicated on an underlying body of theory. (2) Accounting has a definite need for conceptual theoretical structure if an authoritative body such as the FASB is to promulgate consistent standards. (3) A body of accounting theory should be the foundation of the standard-setting process and should provide guidance where no authoritative GAAP exists. (4) The FASB issued concept statements to develop a theoretical framework. As of December 2011, the FASB had issued eight concept statements to develop a frame of reference. (a) The purpose of the concept statements is â€Å"to set forth objectives and fundamental concepts that will be the basis for development of financial accounting and reporting guidance† (SFAC 8). In other words, the SFAC attempt to organize a framework that can serve as a reference point in formulating financial accounting standards. NOTE: The SFAC do not constitute authoritative GAAP and therefore are not part of the Codification. (b) Three concept statements have been superseded by other concept statements: SFAC 1 and SFAC 2 were superseded by SFAC 8, and SFAC 3 was superseded by SFAC 6. The remainingShow MoreRelatedFinancial Accounting Reporting1248 Words   |  5 PagesFinancial Accounting Reporting Introduction In the last few years, the issue of financial regulations has been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because of a number of high profile scandals are highlighting how abuses are occurring from the lack of regulation. A good example of this can be seen with adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs). In the early 2000s, this was considered to be an effective way for many low income and minority families to purchase a home. However, as the economyRead MoreFinancial Accounting And Reporting Standards1426 Words   |  6 Pages Financial Accounting and Reporting Standards Jeremy J Boston Saint Leo University â€Æ' Abstract Financial accounting has become more complex as our country grows. The United States has established a core financial body to ensure all financial statements are published within the prescribed guidelines so that any creditor or investor is able to read and understand the information. The FASB was created to ensure that these guidelines are followed and they are well-paid individuals so there isRead MoreAccounting Standards And Financial Reporting Essay1508 Words   |  7 PagesSpiceland, Sepe, and Tomassini (2007), â€Å"accrual accounting is the financial reporting model used by† most corporations; which in turn, enables â€Å"investors and creditors †¦ to make their resource allocation decision† (Financial Reporting Case, para. 1). In other words, due to organizations using the same standards for financial reporting, external parties are able to compare the financial condition between businesses (Spiceland, et al., 2007). Although accounting standards have e volved over the decades,Read MoreInformation On Financial Accounting And Reporting Essay4854 Words   |  20 Pagesissue of segmental reporting in general and the implementation of IFRS 8 in particular. This review of the literature aims to assist the researcher by identifying the prior work that has been conducted in the area; it also indicates how the current thinking in this research field has evolved and helps to identify the contribution of this topic in relation to previous work done in the area. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The main field of study is on financial accounting and reporting. Hence, for the phenomenaRead MoreAccounting And Financial Reporting Methods894 Words   |  4 Pagesmay arise in the pursuance of these goals. The for-profit and non-profit organizations share common characteristics. For instance, they both make financial decisions that will help them to raise enough capital so as to meet their objectives. They also implement strategic planning as part and parcel of their business model. Accounting and financial reporting methods are used in both organizations to assess their performance. The organizational structures in both organizations are also similar. DespiteRead MoreFinancial Accounting And Reporting Of An Organization1984 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial Accounting and Reporting course work 1 Title: Financial accounting and reporting Student Name: Mengting KE CEG Number: MK24366 Supervisor Name: Nilam Sultan Date of submission: 14/02/2016 Total word count: 2042 Introduction According to Black (2009: 2), accounting can be defined simply as the recording, summarizing and interpretation of financial information. A more detailed definition is that offered by the American Accounting Association (1966), as follows: ’TheRead MoreFinancial Accounting And Reporting Of An Organization1984 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial Accounting and Reporting course work 1 Title: Financial accounting and reporting Student Name: Mengting KE CEG Number: MK24366 Supervisor Name: Nilam Sultan Date of submission: 14/02/2016 Total word count: 2042 Introduction According to Black (2009: 2), accounting can be defined simply as the recording, summarizing and interpretation of financial information. A more detailed definition is that offered by the American Accounting Association (1966), as follows: ’TheRead MoreUnit 10: Financial Accounting and Financial Reporting1455 Words   |  15 Pages Business Unit 10: Financial Accounting and Financial Reporting Student name Assessor name Date issued Completion date Submitted on 28/03/15 09/05/15 Assignment title Presentation of financial information and Interpretation of Financial Statements (2 of 2) Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment Criteria In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to: Task no. Evidence (Page no) LO3 Be able to present financial information in acceptedRead MoreFinancial Accounting : International Financial Reporting Standards1904 Words   |  8 PagesMGT225 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ESSAY 1. Introduction Before 2001, none of the major economies in the world requires the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). However, since IFRS was adopted and required by the European Union (EU), IFRS is currently the most widely shared set of accounting standards with its application required or permitted by approximately 120 countries as indicated by the IFRS Resources (2015). IFRS, perceived as â€Å"a single set of high-quality, understandableRead MoreSustainability Accounting And Non Financial Reporting1052 Words   |  5 PagesAs a newly established area in accounting, sustainability accounting and reporting extends the traditional model of financial and non-financial reporting to incorporate the company’s operational information, social and environmental activities, and their ability to deal with related risks. Not only do these acts have effects on society and the environment, but they also directly impact company’s financial statements. The most widely acc epted definition of sustainability that has emerged over time

Friday, December 13, 2019

Saving the Children Free Essays

Throughout history children have been deliberately killed, abused, and neglected by rulers, society or parents. Child abuse is an injury or pattern of injuries to a child that is not accidental. According to the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, in 1995 about 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Saving the Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9 million children in the United States were reported as abused or neglected to government agencies that investigate child abuse. Child abuse can be hard to recognize sometimes because it is often under the name of spanking or discipline ( According to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, par. 1). Even when the state takes children away from parents because of the severity of the abuse, parents sometimes deny that they did anything wrong (par. 2). But when does discipline become abuse? According to Utah State law, if you spank a child too hard and he/she gets a bruise, that technically counts as an incidence of child abuse (par. 2). Refraining from physical punishment, as practiced by parents and recommended by children psychologist today, would have shocked parents of earlier times (Murdock 7). Before the 1960 s parental discipline often took the form of physical punishment. When spankings became beatings physical abuse prevailed (7). Child abuse does not only consist of physical abuse. There are several types of child abuse, and unfortunately, some children experience more than one. Physical abuse includes deliberate acts of violence that injure or even kill a child. Unexplained bruises, broken bones, or burn marks on a child may be signs of physical abuse. The average age of victims of physical child abuse is eight years old (Wallace 33). Twenty-seven percent of all child maltreatment cases involve physical abuse. Three percent of these cases involve life-threatening injuries such as poisoning, fractures, or brain damage. Fourteen percent involve minor injuries, including bruises, cuts or shaking. The remaining eleven percent are unspecified injuries (33). The data is probably a low estimate of the true incidence of abuse since there is no exact method of determining unreported cases. Sexual abuse occurs when adults use children for sexual gratification ( According to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, par. ). Sexual abuse may begin with kissing or fondling and progress to more intrusive sexual acts, such as oral sex and vaginal or anal penetration. Experts estimate that one out of every three or four girls and one out of every seven to ten boys below the age of eighteen are violated (Murdock 11). Other acts that use children as sexual objects, such as, child pornography and subjecting children to view sexual acts committed by adults, are also include in the definition of child sexual abuse (Gitterman 346). The US Department of Health and Human Services categorizes sexual abuse into three groups: intrusion (evidence of actual penile penetration), molestation with genital contact (acts where some form of actual genital contact had occurred), and other or unknown sexual abuse (unspecified acts not known to have involved actual genital contact: e. g. , fondling of breasts or buttocks, exposure) (11). Mary Pipher, the author of Reviving Ophelia, states in her book that she had seen a bumper sticker on a young man s car that read: If I don t get laid soon somebody s gonna get hurt (Pipher 219). This is the sick society we live in, on any given day in America, 480 women and children will be forcibly raped, 5,760 women will be assaulted by a male intimate partner and four women and three children will be murdered by a family member (219). Emotional abuse, another type of child abuse, destroys a child s self-esteem and undermines his confidence (Landau 36). Such abuse commonly includes repeated verbal abuse of a child in the form of shouting, threats, and degrading or humiliating criticism (36). Other types of emotional abuse are confinement, such as isolation or denying a child friends (39). The most common form of child abuse is neglect. Neglect makes up almost half of the confirmed cases of child abuse in the 1990 s ( According to the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse, par. 1). Physical neglect involves a parent s failure to provide adequate food, clothing, shelter, or medical care to a child (par. 1). About fifty-five percent of children who are mistreated suffer from severe neglect (Morales, par. 6). These are very young children who are abandoned or left alone for more than forty-eight hours, aren t fed, do not receive needed medical treatment, or are not sent to school for days at a time (par. ). Emotional neglect occurs when a parent or caretaker fails to meet a child s basic need for attention and comfort. According to a study done by the US Department of Health and Human Services, 223,000 children or 3. 5 per 1,000 suffer from emotional neglect ( Murdock 103). Emotional neglect can also be in the form of overprotective restrictions that further immaturity and emotional overdependence. Young adults who have been abused often confuse the concept of the family. To them, violence, anger, and fear are common. They may also confuse love with violence r love with sex. Because of these family distortions some victims have a hard time receiving help (Jacklitsch Powers 24). The consequences of child abuse are unfortunate. A child assaulted by a parent loses self-respect, hope, and trust and with no choice available, resorts to doing what they were taught, the only thing they know, abuse (Fong 27). The psychological effects of abuse include depression, low self-esteem, loss of trust, anxiety, denial, problems with establishing intimacy, feelings of futurelessness, and family distortion (Jaklitsch Powers 20-28). Confirmed by several studies, researchers have demonstrated that depression is one of the most commonly reported symptoms by adults who were sexually abused as children (21). Low self-esteem, as well, is a symptom among young people. They approach situations feeling inferior and are afraid to hope (22). A loss of trust is also common. Experiences with their own parental figures has taught them not to count on adults for support, guidance, or protection (22). Maltreated teenagers are filled with anger caused by years of pain and rejection. They become afraid when under stress of minor frustrations. Underneath the anger is pain, which makes these young people particularly vulnerable to additional disappointment and mistreatment (23). Denial is a natural response to painful experiences. Some of the behaviors in which these young people hide their denial are through drugs, alcohol, constant listening to music, sexual activity and aggression (23). Establishing intimacy is difficult for maltreated adolescents because their feelings were often discounted. They must realize that they are not responsible for their maltreatment 23-24). Many abused children feel hopeless. They have little faith in the future because they have learned to expect little or nothing of what they hoped for as children (24). A great deal of abuse happens secretly in the privacy of people s homes. Too often we only hear about the most sensationalized cases of abuse: those that reach television, radio, and newspapers (Landau 12). However, more subtle forms of abuse take place in households around the world on a daily basis (13). Why are so many children severely neglected and abused by those responsible for their care? Research has clearly revealed that child abuse is not associated with race or ethnicity in this country. The strongest correlating factor is poverty. However, abuse is found at all socioeconomic levels (Morales, par. 8). Parents who live on less than $15,000 a year are more likely to abuse their children than those who earn more than $30,000 per year (par. 8). Drug and alcohol abuse is also highly associated with child abuse. As a group, the largest number of children who are abused or neglected grew up having one or more alcoholic parents (Murdock 90). Substance abuse undermines adults ability to function in many areas, including parenting, work, and personal life (Morales, par. 9). There is also a strong relationship between stress and violent physical outburst directed at youngsters who are at the wrong place at the wrong time. Abusive mothers report high levels of parental-stress which they claim is brought about by their child s poor compliance with behavior-directed instructions and their own tolerance levels towards their child s behavior (Busby 47). Stress that is brought on by a variety of conditions raises the risk of child abuse within a family. These conditions include unemployment, illness, poor housing conditions, a larger-than-average-family size, the presence of a new baby, a disabled person in the home, or the death of a family member, but as always, families living in poverty make up the majority of reported child abuse cases. An important resource to help manage personal stress is the support of others e. g. , a spouse, relative, or friend (Morales, par. 10). Sexual abuse is driven by several destructive factors. Often, the perpetrator was sexually victimized as a child or youth and, unlike others, did not heal from the experience. The result frequently is distorted sexual drives and emotional needs. Divorce and single parenting expose children to other men who do not have a biological or long term commitment to youngsters well-being. Not to mention the erotic society that we live in which includes some men who have not learned or found a way to manage their sexual needs (par. 11). We must make an effort to prevent child abuse before it occurs. The process through which children are taken out of their homes and placed in the care of their economically poor relatives (usually grandparents), which occurs in almost fifty percent of cases, is a weak solution. It is costly, oftentimes leaves children in a state of emotional instability, and adds economic strain to the financially poor grandparents who are trying to raise their kin; and generally it is too late to prevent permanent damage to the child from years of abuse (Morales par. 15). The only hope in preventing much of this is for society to set an expectation for prospective and new parents to prepare themselves for the role. Parenting must be taken on with the utmost responsibility (par. 16). Next, private and public organizations, such as, churches, YMCA s community colleges, and city-funded community centers, could create family resource centers where parents could find practical information on parenting, classes for parents and kids, as well as childbirth classes (par. 17). Fortunately, some parenting programs have already been established. According to the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse (NCPCA), child maltreatment is a complex problem with a multitude of causes, an approach to prevention must respond to a range of needs (Donnelly, par. 1). The NCPCA has devised a strategy that consists of a variety of community-based programs to prevent child abuse. Hopefully, these programs will provide parents and children with the education and support necessary for healthy family functioning (par. 1). Some of the prevention programs include the prenatal support program. Its purpose is to prepare individuals for the job of parenting. Currently, home visitation is the most innovative prevention program used in approaching the difficulties of educating and supporting the at-risk-family (par. 3). Treatment for abused children include therapeutic day school programs as well as day hospital programs, residential programs, and home and clinical setting treatment. These programs concentrate on improving the emotional and developmental skills of younger children and psychodynamic treatment for children in older age groups (par. ). Child abusers must be stopped, closely monitored or removed from society before any more young people are damaged for life. While hospitals, schools, and community agencies have a critical role in preventing child abuse, they cannot do it alone. Educational campaigns are necessary to make the public aware of how severe child abuse is and how individuals can make a difference. The effectiveness of diminishing child abuse will only be realized when there is a fully aware public committed to preventing child abuse. How to cite Saving the Children, Essay examples